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Journal of Heredity Advance Access originally published online on July 17, 2009
Journal of Heredity 2009 100(5):507-514; doi:10.1093/jhered/esp044
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© The American Genetic Association. 2009. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Original Articles

Architecture and Organization of Chicken Microchromosome 16: Order of the NOR, MHC-Y, and MHC-B Subregions

Mary E. Delany, Charmaine M. Robinson, Ronald M. Goto, and Marcia M. Miller

From the Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (Delany and Robinson); and the City of Hope Medical Center, Department of Molecular Biology, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (Goto and Miller)

Address correspondence to Mary E. Delany at the address above, or e-mail: medelany{at}ucdavis.edu.

Here we present a high-resolution cytogenomic analysis of chicken microchromosome 16. We established the location of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-B and -Y subregions relative to each other and to the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) encoding the 18S–5.8S–28S ribosomal DNA. To do so, we employed multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using large-insert bacterial artificial chromosome clones with fully sequenced inserts or repetitive sequence probes specific for the subregion of interest. We show that the MHC-Y and -B regions are located on the same side of the NOR, rather than opposite ends, as previously proposed. On the q arm, the MHC-Y is closely adjacent to the NOR, whereas the MHC-B is distal near the q-terminus. A relatively large GC-rich region separates the 2 MHC subregions and includes a specialized structure, a secondary constriction. We propose that the GC-rich large physical distance is the basis for the lack of genetic linkage between the NOR and MHC-B and between the MHC-Y and -B. An integrated model for GGA 16 is presented that incorporates gene complex order in the context of key architectural features including p and q arms, primary (centromere) and secondary constrictions, telomeres, as well as AT- and GC-rich regions.

Key Words: chicken • major histocompatibility complex • microchromosome 16 • nucleolus organizer region

Corresponding Editor: Dr. Jerry Dodgson

Received April 16, 2009
Accepted June 2, 2009


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