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The Journal of Heredity 1984:75(4):293-296
© 1984 The American Genetic Association 75:293-296

research-article

Chromosome and fertility studies on reciprocal crosses between two species of autotetraploid sorghum

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and S. halepense (L.) Pers.

N. Sangduen, and W. W. Hanna

University of Georgia, College of Agriculture Experiment Stations, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Agronomy Department Tifton, GA
USDA-ARS, and the University of Georgia, College of Agriculture Experiment Stations, Coastal Plain Experiment Station Tifton, GA 31793

Abstract

The wild species of cultivated crops have germplasm that potentially could be used to improve cultivated species but methods need to be developed to transfer this germplasm. The objectives of this research were to study morphological characteristics, chromosome behavior, fertility and germplasm transfer potential in reciprocal crosses between tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and S. halepense (L.) Pers. (2n = 4x = 40) and to detect possible cytoplasmic effects. Crossabilities ranged from 71 to 83 percent when S. halepense was used as female parent to 0 to 33 percent when S. bicolor was used as female parent in crosses between sorghum and johnson grass. Interspecific hybrids were vigorous, leafy and more closely resembled S. halepense than S. bicolor in perennial growth habit, open panicle, seed color and shape, and seed shattering. Stem thickness, rhizome expression, and seed size were intermediate to the parents. Some F2 progenies segregated for plant height and panicle compactness. The interspecific hybrids were less senescent than the sorghum parents. Metaphase I chromosomes associated mainly as bivalents and quadrivalents. No cytoplasmic differences were observed for morphological characteristics and chromosome behavior between reciprocal crosses. Open-pollinated seed set for all interspecific hybrids ranged from 74 to 85 percent. Selfed seed set ranged from 18 to 95 percent. Interspecific hybrids with sorghum cytoplasm produced less selfed seed and less stainable pollen indicating a possible cytoplasmic-genic interaction. It should be possible to manipulate the germplasm of the two species at the tetraploid level and then backcross selected genotypes to diploid sorghum to produce improved diploid sorghum with characteristics transferred from S. halepense.


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