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The Journal of Heredity 1987:78(5):307-314
© 1987 The American Genetic Association 78:307-314

research-article

Estimating erosion of phenotypic variation in a French goat population

J. J. Lauvergne, C. Renieri, and A. Audiot

The authors are, respectively, directeur de recherche at the Laboratoire de Génétique Factorielle, Département de Génétique Animale of the Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CR INRA, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; guest professor at the Institute of Animal Production in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Via S. Costanzo 4, 06100 Perugia, Italy; and (at the time of the study) worked for the Fédération des Parcs Naturels de France, 4, rue de Stockholm, 75008, Paris, France. They are indebted to the Extension Services of the Ministry of Agriculture in Dignes (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) and to breeders associations and district consultants for locating and contacting the breeders. In checking the animals they were aided by Anne-Marie Brisebarre, Alain Sadorge, and Enrico Boselli.

Abstract

A survey was made on a sample of 45 flocks of the goat population In Provence France in 1982. The sample included 56 male goats and 757 breeding females within a 30 km radius of the town of Forcalquler (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence). The visible phenotypic profile was established for the following characters: ear length, ear curling, ear erectness, presence of homs, type of horns, presence of wattles, presence of beard, length of hair, hair coat pigmentation pattern, type of eumelanin in hair, pigment alteration of hair, and white spotting (36 different phenotypes). The visible genic profile is based on 23 various alleles at eight locl. This high degree of genetic variability comes from the traditional local population that is in the process of being upgraded to standardized breeds such as Saanen, Rove and, mainly, Chamois Alpine (95 percent of upgraded flocks). The average coefficient of phenotypic erosion ep had a value of 32 percent among the breeding females in 1982. At the present rate of upgrading the estimate is 90 percent for the male and 85 percent for the female coefficient of genotypic erosion eg by the year 2002. A small nucleus of purely traditional Provence goat (5 percent of the present size of the population: about 1500 goats for the PACA (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region) will probably have disappeared by that time. Phenotypic and genic profiles of this Provence population have been compared to the profiles of other traditional goat populations in Central Asia, Norway, Sardinia, and Corsica. The available data show profiles that are very similar. Uniformlty suggests that a single population spread out of a common center of differentiation that probably existed In the Middle East several thousand years ago.


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