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The Journal of Heredity 1988:79(3):165-169
© 1988 The American Genetic Association 79:165-169

research-article

Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes in the Rare and Primitive Frog Leiopelma hamiltoni from New Zealand

D. M. Green

Redpath Museum, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Address reprint requests to Dr. Green, Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada.

Abstract

Leiopeima hamittoni, one of the rarest and most primitive frogs, has a ZWfemale/ZZmale chromosomal system of sex determination. The karyotype has 2n = 18 chromosomes, all of which are metacentric or submetacentric, except for the smallest pair, which are telocentric. The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin as detected by C-banding allowed all but two pairs of chromosomes to be readily identified. Two C-band heteromorphisms were observed. In all individuals of both sexes, a band was present on the long arm of only one of the homologous chromosomes no. 3. The other heteromorphism was sex-specific. The centromeric region of one of the telocentric chromosomes was enlarged and highly heterochromatic in females only and was interpreted as denoting the W chromosome. Female heterogamety may be a primitive condition in frogs.


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