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The Journal of Heredity 1989:80(6):464-467
© 1989 The American Genetic Association 80:464-467

research-article

Ploidy Level in Theobroma cacao L.

L. J. Glicenstein, and P. J. Fritz

American Cocoa Research Institute, Coca Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Abstract

Because of conflicting reports in the literature, a cytogenetic study was undertaken to establish the ploidy level of the cocoa plant, Theobroma cacao. Based on (1) strict bivalent pairing in over 400 meiotic cells in the diplotene, early diakinesis, and meta-phase I stages, (2) only two nucleolus organizer region chromosomes per nucleus and a maximum of two nucleoli per root tip nucleus, (3) only two chromosomes associated with the nucleolus at the diplotene stage and early diakinesis, and (4) using a low-copy cocoa DNA probe, telomeric in situ hybridization sites that were seen on two homologous mitotic chromosomes in the nucleus and at one telomeric site on one pachytene bivalent in the nucleus, we conclude that T. cacao is a diploid, not an autotetraploid, taxon.


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