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The Journal of Heredity 2000:91(2)
© 2000 The American Genetic Association 91:104-111

Single-locus complementary sex determination in Diadegman chrysostictos (Gmelin) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

RDJ Butcher, WGF Whitfield, and SF Hubbard*

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Angus DD1 4Hn, UK *Corresponding author E-mail: s.f.hubbard@dundee.ac.uk

Following the establishment of isofemale lines and subsequent inbreeding, the ichneumonid parasitoid wasp Diadegman chrysostictos (Gmelin) was shown by segregation of polymorphic alloenzyme loci to have single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD). This and the biparental nature of diploid males was confirmed using two independent Mendelian recessive phenotypic markers. The existence of diploid males, sl-CSD, and the abrogation of diploid males following outbreeding was further confirmed by flow cytometry, a potentially general method that is independent of the maternal sex allocation or the need for genetic markers. Estimates of the number of sex alleles in several British populations demonstrated 17-19 alleles in Britain, with a decline toward the northerly limit of the parasitoid's range, varying from 16 in the south of England to 4-5 in central Scotland, in broad agreement with the rate of attainment of a male-biased sex ratio when used to establish en masse laboratory cultures. These data represent the second confirmation of the existence of sl-CSD in the Ichneumonidae (and the first in the Campopleginae subfamily), lending further support to the notion that sl-CSD was the ancestral condition in the Aculeata/Ichneumonoidea clade (Cook 1993a; Periquet et al. 1993).


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