The Journal of Heredity 2001:92(4)
© 2001 The American Genetic Association 92:333-338
Independent Spontaneous Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase Null Mutants in Soybean are the Result of Deletions
From the Departments of Agronomy and Zoology/Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (Imsande and Palmer), Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Biologikum-Weihenstephan, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany (Pittig, Wimmer, and Gietl), USDA-ARS-CICGR Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (Palmer).
Address correspondence to Christine Gietl at the address above or e-mail: gietl{at}botanik.biologie.tu-muenchen.de.
The mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase-1 (Mdh1) gene of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] spontaneously mutates to a null phenotype at a relatively high rate. To determine the molecular basis for the instability of the Mdh1 gene, the gene was cloned and sequenced. The null phenotype correlated with the deletion of specific genomic restriction fragments that encode the Mdh1 gene. The composition of the Mdh1 gene and its environs were compared with those of the more stable MDH2 gene. Several possible causes of the observed instability were found, including duplications, repeats, and two regions with similarity to a soybean catalase. The most likely cause of instability, however, appeared to be a 1233 bp region with 58.9% identity to the Cyclops retrotransposons. Translation of a 714 bp segment of this region produced a peptide composed of 238 amino acid residues that showed 35–40% identity and 55–60% similarity to several putative Cyclops gag-pol proteins (group-specific antigen polyprotein). This short peptide also contained a segment that corresponded to the protease active site of the gag-pol protein. Thus in an appropriate genetic background, a retrotransposon, whether whole or fractured, could promote genetic rearrangements.
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