The Journal of Heredity 2002:93(4)
© 2002 The American Genetic Association 93:249-253
Genetic Differentiation of Anopheles gambiae s.s. Populations in Mali, West Africa, Using Microsatellite Loci
From the Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606 (Carnahan, Taylor, and Diuk-Wasser); School of Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (Zheng); Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odonto-Stomatologie, Bamako, B.P. 1805, Mali (Touré and Dolo); School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 (Norris); and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Lanzaro).
Address correspondence to Charles Taylor, UCLA Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology and Evolution, 621 Charles Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, or e-mail: taylor{at}biology.ucla.edu.
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is a principal vector of malaria through much of sub-Saharan Africa, where this disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human populations. Accordingly, population sizes and gene flow in this species have received special attention, as these parameters are important in attempts to control malaria by impacting its mosquito vector. Past measures of genetic differentiation have sometimes yielded conflicting results, in some cases suggesting that gene flow is extensive over vast distances (6000 km) and is disrupted only by major geological disturbances and/or barriers. Using microsatellite DNA loci from populations in Mali, West Africa, we measured genetic differentiation over uniform habitats favorable to the species across distances ranging from 62 to 536 km. Gene flow was strongly correlated with distance (r2 = 0.77), with no major differences among chromosomes. We conclude that in this part of Africa, at least, genetic differentiation for microsatellite DNA loci is consistent with traditional models of isolation by distance.
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