Journal of Heredity 2003:94(5)
© 2003 The American Genetic Association 94:374-380
Microsatellite Variation in Japanese and Asian Horses and Their Phylogenetic Relationship Using a European Horse Outgroup
From the Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan (Tozaki and Kurosawa); Max-Planck Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik, Corrensstrasse 42, Tuebingen 72076, Germany (Takezaki); Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan (Hasegawa and Ishida); Department of Physiological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan (Tozaki and Tomita); Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan (Saitou); and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonacho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan (Mukoyama).
Address correspondence to Teruaki Tozaki, Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan, or e-mail: ttozaki{at}nyc.odn.ne.jp (ttozaki{at}lrc.or.jp).
The genetic relationships of seven Japanese and four mainland-Asian horse populations, as well as two European horse populations, were estimated using data for 20 microsatellite loci. Mongolian horses showed the highest average heterozygosities (0.75–0.77) in all populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of three distinct clusters supported by high bootstrap values: the European cluster (Anglo-Arab and thoroughbreds), the Hokkaido-Kiso cluster, and the Mongolian cluster. The relationships of these clusters were consistent with their geographical distributions. Basing our assumptions on the phylogenetic tree and the genetic variation of horse populations, we suggest that Japanese horses originated from Mongolian horses migrating through the Korean Peninsula. The genetic relationship of Japanese horses corresponded to their geographical distribution. Microsatellite polymorphism data were shown to be useful for estimating the genetic relationships between Japanese horses and Asian horses.
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