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Journal of Heredity 2003:94(6)
© 2003 The American Genetic Association 94:457-463

Population Genetic Structure of Anopheles arabiensis Mosquitoes in Ethiopia and Eritrea

S. R. G. Nyanjom, H. Chen, T. Gebre-Michael, E. Bekele, J. Shililu, J. Githure, J. C. Beier, and G. Yan

From the Institute of Pathobiology and Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Nyanjom, Gebre-Michael, and Bekele), Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 (Chen and Yan), International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya (Shililu and Githure), and Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 (Beier).

Address correspondence to Guiyun Yan at the address above, or e-mail: gyan{at}buffalo.edu.

This study examined the population genetic structure of the major malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes, in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Ethiopia and Eritrea have great geographical diversity, with high mountains, rugged plateaus, deep gorges, and rolling plains. The plateau is bisected diagonally by the Great Rift Valley into the Northwestern Highlands and the Southeastern Highlands. Five A. arabiensis populations from the Northwestern Highlands region and two populations from high-altitude sites in the Great Rift Valley were genotyped using six microsatellite markers to estimate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of A. arabiensis. We found that A. arabiensis populations from the Northwestern Highlands and the Great Rift Valley region showed a similar level of genetic diversity. The genetic differentiation (FST) of the five mosquito populations within the Northwestern Highlands region was 0.038 (P <.001), while the two populations within the Great Rift Valley showed little genetic differentiation (FST = 0.007, P <.01). The degree of genetic differentiation between the Northwestern Highlands region and the Great Rift Valley region was small but statistically significant (FST = 0.017, P <.001). The population genetic structure of A. arabiensis in the study area did not follow the isolation-by-distance model (r2 = 0.014, P >.05). The low FST estimates for A. arabiensis populations in Ethiopia and Eritrea are consistent with the general population genetic structure of this species in East Africa based on other molecular markers.


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