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Journal of Heredity 2004:95(1)
© 2004 The American Genetic Association 95:46-52

Genetic Structure of Asian Populations of Bombus ignitus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Z.-Y. Shao, H.-X. Mao, W.-J. Fu, M. Ono, D.-S. Wang, M. Bonizzoni, and Y.-P. Zhang

From the Laboratory of Coevolution, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20032, P. R. China (Shao, Mao, and Fu), Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, and Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, P. R. China (Shao and Zhang), Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China (Zhang), Laboratory of Insect Technology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan (Ono), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Techniques, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai 201106, China (Wang), and Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (Bonizzoni). We are indebted to many friends and colleagues: Myenong-Lyeol Lee (Korea), W.-J. Yu, and M.-F. Yang for sample collection; Y.-G. Yao, J.-F. Pang, H.-R. Luo, K.-X. Qu, D. Pang, G.-S. Wu, Y.-X. Luan, J.-G. Xiangyu, J. Luo, and X.-L. Song for technical and theoretical help; and A. Widmer (Switzerland) and R. Malacrida (Italy) for manuscript revisions. This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-1-05), Program for Key International S&T Cooperation Project of China (2001CB711103), and Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).

Address correspondence to Ya-Ping Zhang, Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China, or e-mail: zhangyp{at}public.km.yn.cn.

The genetic structure of seven mainland and island Asian populations of Bombus ignitus was investigated using nine microsatellite markers and the sequences of part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. While microsatellite markers showed high genetic variability, no sequence variation was found in the cytb gene fragment analyzed. The number of microsatellite alleles ranged from 9 to 24. Gene diversities per locus per population ranged from 0.378 to 0.992. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and most pairwise FST values showed significant genetic differentiation between mainland and island populations. Cytb sequences data and microsatellite bottleneck tests indicated that almost all populations were subjected to recent bottlenecks. Our results suggest that B. ignitus populations diverged due to recent bottlenecks and geographic isolation.


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