Journal of Heredity Advance Access originally published online on July 13, 2006
Journal of Heredity 2006 97(4):381-388; doi:10.1093/jhered/esl013
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EST Databases as a Source for Molecular Markers: Lessons from Helianthus
From the Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351634, Nashville, TN 37232
Address correspondence to J. M. Burke at the Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, or e-mail: jmburke{at}uga.edu.
Expressed sequence tag (EST) databases represent a potentially valuable resource for the development of molecular markers for use in evolutionary studies. Because EST-derived markers come from transcribed regions of the genome, they are likely to be conserved across a broader taxonomic range than are other sorts of markers. This paper describes a case study in which the publicly available cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) EST database was used to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for use in the genetic analysis of a rare sunflower species, Helianthus verticillatus, as well as the more widespread Helianthus angustifolius. EST-derived SSRs were found to be more than 3 times as transferable across species as compared with anonymous SSRs (73% vs. 21%, respectively). Moreover, EST-SSRs whose primers were located within protein-coding sequence were more readily transferable than those derived from untranslated regions, and the former loci were no less variable than the latter. The utility of existing EST databases as a means for facilitating population genetic analyses in plants was further explored by cross-referencing publicly available EST resources against available lists of rare or invasive flowering plant taxa. This survey revealed that more than one-third of all plant-derived EST collections of sufficient size could conceivably serve as a source of EST-SSRs for the analysis of rare, endangered, or invasive plant species worldwide.
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