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Journal of Heredity Advance Access originally published online on September 12, 2006
Journal of Heredity 2006 97(5):508-513; doi:10.1093/jhered/esl017
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© The American Genetic Association. 2006. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Microsatellite Documentation of Male-Mediated Outcrossing between Inbred Laboratory Strains of the Self-Fertilizing Mangrove Killifish (Kryptolebias Marmoratus)

Mark Mackiewicz, Andrey Tatarenkov, Andrew Perry, J. Ryce Martin, John F. Elder, Jr, David L. Bechler, and John C. Avise

From the Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 (Mackiewicz); the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 (Tatarenkov and Avise); the Department of Biology, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209 (Perry); and the Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698 (Martin, Elder, and Bechler)

Address correspondence to M. Mackiewicz at the address above, or e-mail: mmack{at}uga.edu.

Primers for 36 microsatellite loci were developed and employed to characterize genetic stocks and detect possible outcrossing between highly inbred laboratory strains of the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. From attempted crosses involving hermaphrodites from particular geographic strains and gonochoristic males from others, 2 among a total of 32 surveyed progenies (6.2%) displayed multilocus heterozygosity clearly indicative of interstrain gametic syngamy. One of these outcross hybrids was allowed to resume self-fertilization, and microsatellite assays of progeny showed that heterozygosity decreased by approximately 50% after one generation, as expected. Although populations of K. marmoratus consist mostly of synchronous hermaphrodites with efficient mechanisms of internal self-fertilization, these laboratory findings experimentally confirm that conspecific males can mediate occasional outcross events and that this process can release extensive genic heterozygosity.


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A. Tatarenkov, S. M. Q. Lima, D. S. Taylor, and J. C. Avise
Long-term retention of self-fertilization in a fish clade
PNAS, August 25, 2009; 106(34): 14456 - 14459.
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