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Journal of Heredity Advance Access originally published online on March 11, 2008
Journal of Heredity 2008 99(3):254-264; doi:10.1093/jhered/esn003
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© The American Genetic Association. 2008. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Phylogeny of 4 Populations of the Widely Distributed Cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis)

Antoine Blancher, Maxime Bonhomme, Brigitte Crouau-Roy, Keiji Terao, Takashi Kitano, and Naruya Saitou

From the Laboratoire d'immunogénétique moléculaire, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (Blancher); the Laboratoire d'immunologie, Hôpital Rangueil, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France (Blancher); the Laboratoire UMR CNRS 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (Bonhomme and Crouau-Roy); the Primate Centre, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0843, Japan (Terao); and the Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan (Kitano and Saitou). Takashi Kitano is now at the Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Japan

Address correspondence to A. Blancher at the address above, or e-mail: blancher{at}easynet.fr.

We studied the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism of 304 Macaca fascicularis fascicularis (M. f. fascicularis) individuals, representative of 4 cynomolgus macaque populations (Indochina, Indonesia, Philippines, and Mauritius). By sequencing a 590-bp fragment in the hypervariable II region of the D-loop region, we defined 70 haplotypes. The homologous region was also characterized in 22 Chinese Macaca mulatta and 2 Macaca sylvanus. The phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of M. f. fascicularis and defines 2 haplotype groups inside the M. f. fascicularis clade: one "insular," encompassing 6 Philippines, 2 Mauritius, and 31 Indonesian haplotypes, the other "continental" that contains all Indochinese and 6 Indonesian haplotypes. Continental and insular group divergence time was estimated to be approximately 106 years before present (BP). Among Indonesian haplotypes, some have a continental origin. This suggests either direct migration from mainland to Indonesia or that remnant lineages from an ancient population genetically close to the mainland (i.e., in the Sunda Shelf, <550 000 years BP) were subsequently brought southward to Indonesia. The low nucleotide diversity in the Philippines population suggests a bottleneck following colonization by Indonesian individuals, around 110 000 years BP. mtDNA and further observations of nuclear genetic data corroborate the mixed origin (Indonesian/continental) hypothesis of Mauritius individuals and a population bottleneck.

Corresponding Editor: Jill Pecon-Slattery

Received April 19, 2007
Accepted November 27, 2007


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This article has been cited by other articles:


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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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