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Journal of Heredity Advance Access originally published online on May 25, 2008
Journal of Heredity 2008 99(5):483-490; doi:10.1093/jhered/esn038
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© The American Genetic Association. 2008. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Responsible for Producing "Apparent" XY-Female Fall-Run Chinook Salmon in California

Kevin S. Williamson, Ruth Phillips, and Bernie May

From the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Conservation Biology Division, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112 (Williamson); the School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686 (Phillips); and the Genomic Variation Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (May)

Address correspondence to K.S. Williamson at the address above, or e-mail: Kevin.williamson{at}noaa.gov

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify the X and Y chromosomes of offspring produced by normal and "apparent" XY-female fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from California. FISH experiments were performed using probes to 2 sex-linked loci, growth hormone pseudogene (GH-{Psi}), and OtY1, as well as a probe to a sex-linked microsatellite (Omy7INRA). Comparison of FISH staining patterns between the offspring produced by normal and apparent XY-females revealed that the apparent XY-female examined transmitted a "Y-like" chromosome with an attenuated OtY1 and GH-{Psi} signal to half of its offspring. Segregation analysis of microsatellites derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with respect to phenotypic sex was carried out for 2 normal and 2 apparent XY-female Chinook salmon families. Inheritance patterns of Omy7INRA were consistent with this locus being closely linked to GH-{Psi} in males and in apparent XY-females carrying the Y-like chromosome. Another microsatellite locus (Omm1077) was closely linked to the primary sex-determining locus (SEX) in males but not to GH-{Psi}/OtY1 in apparent XY-females. The FISH analyses suggest that apparent XY-female fall-run Chinook salmon in California are not the product of a Y chromosome to autosome translocation. Despite the combined FISH and inheritance analyses, we were unable to differentiate between 2 alternative explanations for apparent XY-females, namely, recombination of markers between the sex chromosomes, or a Y chromosome with a dysfunctional or missing sex-determining region.

Corresponding Editor: Bill Modi

Received March 30, 2007
Accepted April 16, 2008


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