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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on January 6, 2009
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esn109
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© The American Genetic Association. 2009. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Original Article

Temperature Affects Expression of Symptoms Induced by Soybean Mosaic Virus in Homozygous and Heterozygous Plants

Dexiao Li, Pengyin Chen, Ainong Shi, Ehsan Shakiba, Rose Gergerich, and Yaofeng Chen

From the Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (Li, Pengyin Chen, Shi, and Shakiba); the Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (Gergerich); and the College of Agriculture, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China (Yaofeng Chen). Li is now at the College of Agriculture, Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China. Shi is now at the Indiana Crop Improvement Association and Agronomy Department, Purdue University, 7770 Stockwell Road, Lafayette, IN 47909

Address correspondence to P. Chen at the address above, or e-mail: pchen{at}uark.edu.

Seven strains (G1 to G7) of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and 3 resistance loci (Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4) have been identified in soybean. The interaction of SMV strains and host resistance genes results in resistant (symptomless), susceptible (mosaic), or necrotic (leaf and stem necrosis) reactions. The necrotic reaction may be gene dosage dependent and influenced by temperature. Using a set of soybean isolines and hybrids containing homozygous or heterozygous alleles of rsv, Rsv1, Rsv1-n, Rsv3, or Rsv4, this study has explored the relationship of SMV-induced symptoms and resistance gene dosage at different temperatures. Results showed that SMV-inoculated plants carrying Rsv3 or Rsv4 were symptomless at both homozygous and heterozygous states at all temperature regimes. Threshold temperatures for symptoms changing from stem tip necrosis (STN) to mosaic were 30, 33, and 33 °C in G7-inoculated homozygous genotypes V94-3971(Rsv1) and PI 96983 (Rsv1) and G1-inoculated V262 (Rsv1-n), respectively. However, at the heterozygous state, threshold temperature was 30 °C in G7-inoculated V94-3971 x Essex F1 for the symptom change from STN to mosaic, 31 °C in G7-inoculated Essex x PI 96983 F1 from STN to mixture of necrosis and mosaic (N-M), and 32 °C in G1-inoculated V262 x Essex F1 from N-M to mosaic. Incomplete necrosis was observed in the heterozygous state in G1-inoculated V262 x Essex F1 and G7-inoculated PI 96983 x Essex F1 where necrotic and mosaic symptoms were mixed. High temperature (37 °C) tends to mask the expression of mosaic symptoms in both homozygous and heterozygous plants. STN expression in response to temperature was affected by resistance gene, gene dosage, host genetic background, and specific SMV strains. Thus, Rsv3 and Rsv4 are a better choice as source of genetic resistance for breeding SMV-resistant cultivars.

Key Words: SMV • soybean • temperature

Corresponding Editor: Reid G. Palmer

Received October 6, 2008
Revised November 18, 2008
Accepted December 1, 2008


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