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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on August 10, 2009
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esp066
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© The American Genetic Association. 2009. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

QTL Underlying Voluntary Exercise in Mice: Interactions with the "Mini Muscle" Locus and Sex

Derrick L. Nehrenberg, Shiliang Wang, Robert M. Hannon, Theodore Garland, Jr, and Daniel Pomp

From the Department of Genetics, CB #7264, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264 (Nehrenberg and Pomp); the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (Wang and Pomp); the Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 91521 (Hannon and Garland); and the Department of Nutrition, Carolina Center for Genome Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (Pomp)

Address correspondence to Daniel Pomp at the address above, or e-mail: dpomp{at}unc.edu.

Exercise improves many aspects of human health, yet many people remain inactive even when exercise is prescribed. We previously created a backcross (BC) between mice selectively bred for high levels of voluntary wheel running (VWR) and fixed for "mini muscle" (MM), a recessive mutation causing ~50% reduction in triceps surae mass. We previously showed that BC mice having the MM trait ran faster and further than mice without MM and that MM maps to chromosome 11. Here, we genotyped the BC with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling voluntary exercise and tissue and body mass traits and to determine whether these QTL interact with the MM locus or with sex. We detected 3 VWR QTL, representing the first voluntary exercise QTL mapped using this high running selection line, and 5 tissue mass QTL. Several interactions between trait QTL and the MM locus as well as sex were also identified. These results begin to explain the genetic architecture of VWR and further support MM as a locus having major effects, including its main effects on the muscle phenotype, its pleiotropic effects on wheel running and tissue mass traits, and through its interactions with other QTL and with sex.

Key Words: artificial selection • complex trait • genetic architecture • physical activity • running

Corresponding Editor: Roger H. Reeves

Received March 27, 2009
Revised June 29, 2009
Accepted July 8, 2009


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