The Journal of Heredity 2001:92(5)
© 2001 The American Genetic Association 92:436-437
Brief Communication |
Inheritance of a Lutescent-Leaf Color Trait in Peanut
From the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA 31793-0748.
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Abstract |
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 Top Abstract IntroductionMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionReferences |
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A Lutescent-Leaf color mutant was recently found in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Crosses involving the Lutescent-Leaf mutant were made both between and within subspecies of hypogaea and fastigiata to determine its inheritance. The F1, F2, and F3 data indicated that two duplicate recessive genes, designated lut1 and lut2, control the Lutescent-Leaf color trait. No maternal or cytoplasmic effects were detected among progenies from reciprocal hybridization.
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Introduction |
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TopAbstractIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionReferences |
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Several chlorophyll-deficient mutants in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) have been reported (Hammons 1973; Murthy and Reddy 1993; Wynne and Coffelt 1982). Few such leaf color mutants are apparent and distinguishable at the early seedling stage, except albinos (Branch and Kvien 1992), and even fewer continually develop to maturity under normal field conditions with direct sunlight.
However, during 1996 an unusually bright yellow leaf color mutant seedling plant, designated Lutescent-Leaf, was found in the F9 advanced Georgia peanut breeding line, GA 931307. GA 931307 originated from a cross between two cultivars, Georgia Runner (Branch 1991) and Southern Runner (Gorbet et al. 1987). Both parents and early segregation progenies did not show this distinct leaf color characteristic. So it is assumed that Lutescent-Leaf arose as a spontaneous mutation.
Lutescent-Leaf differs from other chlorophyll-deficient mutants in that it fully develops to maturity under direct sunlight and is readily apparent at the early seedling stage. Younger age leaves and plants are more pronounced than older leaves and plants for the bright yellow color. The objective of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance for the Lutescent-Leaf color trait in peanut.
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Materials and Methods |
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TopAbstractIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionReferences |
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Reciprocal crosses were made in the greenhouse between Lutescent-Leaf and four normal green leaf color peanut cultivars, Starr (Simpson 1972), NC 7 (Wynne et al. 1979), Georgia Red (Branch and Hammons 1987), and Georgia Runner (Branch 1991). Lutescent-Leaf x NC 7 and Lutescent-Leaf x Georgia Runner represent crosses within A. hypogaea subspecies hypogaea; whereas Lutescent-Leaf x Starr and Lutescent-Leaf x Georgia Red represent cross combinations between subspecies hypogaea and fastigiata, respectively.
The F1, F2, and F3 populations were space-planted in field nursery plots during 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively, at the agronomy research farm near the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia. Phenotypic classification was based on individual plants, and segregation data were analyzed by the CHISQA computer program (Hanna et al. 1978).
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Results and Discussion |
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TopAbstractIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionReferences |
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The leaf color of each F1 plant for all cross combinations was classified as normal green. This indicates that Lutescent-Leaf color is recessive to normal green, which agrees with many other previous reports for chlorophyll-deficient mutants found in peanut (Hammons 1973; Murthy and Reddy 1993; Wynne and Coffelt 1982).
The F2 segregation from each cross fit a 15 normal green:1 Lutescent-Leaf color ratio (Table 1). No significant differences were detected among crosses or between reciprocal crosses, which suggests the absence of cytoplasmic or maternal effects. Total, pooled, and homogeneity chi-squared values also fit a 15:1 ratio. These results suggest that two duplicate recessive genes control the Lutescent-Leaf color trait.
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Individual F2 plant selections were made within two cross combinations (Lutescent-Leaf x Starr and Lutescent-Leaf x NC 7) for subsequent progeny row testing in the F3 generation. F3 progeny from F2 plants with Lutescent-Leaf color bred true to type. Segregation of F2:3 progeny from F2 plants with normal green leaf color fit a 7 nonsegregating (all normal green):4 segregating (15 normal:1 Lutescent):4 segregating (3 normal:1 Lutescent) expected ratio (Table 2). These F3 results verify the F2 findings for digenic inheritance.
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The data from this genetic study indicate that two recessive genes control the Lutescent-Leaf color trait. The symbols lut1 and lut2 are proposed for the genes controlling this Lutescent-Leaf color trait recently found in the cultivated peanut.
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Acknowledgments |
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Contribution from the University of Georgia, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
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Footnotes |
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Corresponding Editor: Irwin Goldman
Received December 12, 2000
Accepted July 12, 2001
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References |
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TopAbstractIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionReferences |
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Branch WD, 1991. Registration of `Georgia Runner' peanut. Crop Sci 31:485.
Branch WD and Hammons RO, 1987. Registration of `Georgia Red' peanut. Crop Sci 27:1090.
Branch WD and Kvien CK, 1992. Cytoplasmically inherited albinism in peanut seedlings. J Hered 83:455–457.
Gorbet DW, Norden AJ, Shokes FM, and Knauft DA, 1987. Registration of `Southern Runner' peanut. Crop Sci 27:817.
Hammons RO, 1973. Genetics of Arachis hypogaea. In: Peanuts—culture and uses. Stillwater, OK: American Peanut Research and Education Association; 135–173.
Hanna W, Mullinix B, and Grimes L, 1978. Computer programs for analyses of inheritance and linkage data. Crop Sci 18:517.
Murthy TGK and Reddy PS, 1993. Cytogenetics and genetics of groundnuts. Andover, UK: Intercept.
Simpson CE, 1972. Registration of Starr peanut (reg. no. 16). Crop Sci 12:395.
Wynne JC and Coffelt TA, 1982. Genetics of Arachis hypogaea L. In: Peanut science and technology. Yoakum, TX: American Peanut Research and Education Association; 50–94.
Wynne JC, Mozingo RW, and Emery DA, 1979. Registration of NC 7 peanut (reg. no. 22). Crop Sci 19:563.
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