The Journal of Heredity 2001:92(5)
© 2001 The American Genetic Association 92:398-403
Genetic Variability in East Asian Dogs Using Microsatellite Loci Analysis
From the Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Puk-gu, Taegu 702-701, Korea (Kim and Ha), Department of Animal Science and Technology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Fuchinobe, Kakamigahara, Japan (Tanabe), and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea (Park).
Address correspondence to Ji-Hong Ha at the address above or e-mail: jhha{at}bh.kyungpook.ac.kr.
An analysis of eight microsatellite loci in 213 animals was performed to define the genetic structure and variability of 11 East Asian native dog populations. Allele diversity, observed heterozygosities, expected heterozygosities, F-statistics, GST estimates, number of migrants per generation (Nm), and Nei's DA distance were calculated. Expected mean heterozygosities of Asian native dogs varied within a range of 0.310–0.718 with a mean value of 0.580. In a sample of 11 Asian dogs, the highest genetic diversity was exhibited in the Korean native dogs and the lowest in the Shiba, the Japanese native dog. All populations except the Kishu and Akita showed statistically significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at more than one locus. After corrections for multiple significance tests, deviations over all loci were statistically significant in 7 of 11 dog populations, meaning that Asian dogs are genetically subdivided (global FST = 0.154). Despite the locus-specific deviations, statistically significant departures from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium reflect deviations in the direction of heterozygote deficit, the global FIS being 0.072. In the neighbor-joining and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrograms based on Nei's DA distance, the Korean native breeds (the Sapsaree and the Jindo) were grouped together, then with the Eskimo dog. The two Japanese native dogs (the Hokkaido and the Akita) also clustered together, with moderate bootstrap support. In spite of some deviation, the three-dimensional scattergram based on principal components supported the conclusions suggested by the dendrograms based on Nei's DA distance. From these two analyses, the Korean native dogs formed the closest groups and then showed a close relationship to the Eskimo dogs, reflecting the fact that the Korean native dogs might be originated from dogs in the northern part of Far East Asia.
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