Journal of Heredity 2003:94(3)
© 2003 The American Genetic Association 94:260-264
Brief Communication |
Nonadditive Changes in Genome Size During Allopolyploidization in the Wheat (Aegilops-Triticum) Group
From the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey (Ozkan); Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Trakya, 59030 Tekirda
, Turkey (Tuna); and the Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 (Arumuganathan). K. Arumuganathan is now at Virginia Mason Research Center, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101.
Address correspondence to Dr. Ozkan at the address above, or e-mail: hozkan{at}mail.cu.edu.tr.
Interspecific or intergeneric hybridization, followed by chromosome doubling, can lead to the formation of new allopolyploid species. Recent studies indicate that allopolyploid formation is associated with genetic and epigenetic changes. Despite these studies, it is not yet clear whether the C value of an allopolyploid is the sum of its diploid parents. To address this question, six newly synthesized wheat allopolyploids and their parental plants were investigated. It was found that allopolyploids have a genome size significantly smaller than the expected value. The reduction of the nuclear genome size in the synthetic allotetraploids and allohexaploids was 2 pg DNA at 2C. It was also found that changes in the genome size already existed in the first generation amphiploids, indicating that the change was a rapid event. There was no difference in the reduction of nuclear genome size between the allotetraploid and the allohexaploid. These data clearly show that genome differentiation in allopolyploids was not related to the ploidy level. The data obtained clearly suggested that the nonadditive change in genome size that occurred during allopolyploidization may represent a preprogrammed adaptive response to genomic stress caused by hybridization and allopolyploidy, which serves to stabilize polyploid genomes.
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