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Journal of Heredity Advance Access originally published online on August 31, 2005
Journal of Heredity 2005 96(5):607-613; doi:10.1093/jhered/esi096
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© The American Genetic Association. 2005. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org.

Brief Communication

Independent Nonframeshift Deletions in the MC1R Gene Are Not Associated with Melanistic Coat Coloration in Three Mustelid Lineages

T. Hosoda, J. J. Sato, T. Shimada, K. L. Campbell, and H. Suzuki

From Taikyu High School, 1985 Yuasa-cho, Arida-gun, Wakayama 643-0004, Japan (Hosoda); Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Higashimura-cho, Aza, Sanzo, 985 Fukuyama, 729-0292, Japan (Sato); Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (Shimada and Suzuki); and Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 (Campbell)

Address correspondence to Dr. Hitoshi Suzuki at the address above, or e-mail: htsuzuki{at}ees.hokudai.ac.jp.

Sequence variation within the 5' flanking (about 240 bp) and exon regions (426 bp) of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene was examined to determine the potential role of this protein in the melanistic coat coloration of 17 mustelid species in four genera: Gulo (wolverines), Martes (martens), Mustela (weasels), and Meles (badgers). Members of the genera Mustela and Meles, together with Martes flavigula and Martes pennanti, were shown to have intact gene sequences. However, several "in frame" deletions of the MC1R gene region implicated in melanism of other species were detected within members of the genera Martes and Gulo. For instance, Gulo gulo possessed a 15 bp deletion in the second transmembrane domain coding region, while Martes americana, Martes melampus, Martes zibellina, and Martes martes shared a 45 bp deletion overlapping this area. In addition, Martes foina was found to possess a 10 bp insertion followed closely by a 28 bp deletion immediately downstream of the deletion found in other martens. Notably, none of these indels was associated with a melanistic phenotype. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of these nonrandomly distributed deletions arose independently during the evolution of this family. Specific indel-neighboring motifs appear to largely account for the biased and repeated occurrence of deletion events in the Martes/Gulo clade.


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