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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on March 2, 2005
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esi038
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© The American Genetic Association. 2005. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org.
Received March 11, 2004
Accepted September 20, 2004

Article

Paternal Effects on the Defensive Behavior of Honeybees

E. Guzman-Novoa 1*, G. J. Hunt 2, R. E. Page Jr.3, J. L. Uribe-Rubio 4, D. Prieto-Merlos 4, and F. Becerra-Guzman 4

1 From Dept Environmental Biology, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph Ontario N1G 2WI, Canada; INIFAP, Santa Cruz 29B Fracc. Las Hdas., Metepéc 52140, Méx, Mexico; Depto. Esp. no Tradicionales: Abejas. Fac. Med. Vet. y Zoot., UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
2 From Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907
3 From Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
4 From Depto. Esp. no Tradicionales: Abejas. Fac. Med. Vet. y Zoot., UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E. Guzman-Novoa, E-mail: eguzman{at}uoguelph.ca


  Abstract

The defensive behavior of 52 hybrid honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies from four sets of crosses was studied and compared with that of European and Africanized bee colonies. Colonies containing F1 hybrid workers were obtained through reciprocal crosses between European and Africanized bees. The total number of stings deposited by workers in a moving leather patch in 1 min was recorded. In each of the four sets of crosses, bees from hybrid colonies of Africanized paternity left more stings in leather patches than bees from hybrid colonies of European paternity. Results strongly suggest paternal effects of African origin increasing the defensive behavior of hybrid colonies. Although some degree of dominance was observed for high-defensive behavior in one of the four sets of crosses involving European paternity, most of the dominance effects reported in the literature appear to be the result of paternal effects. Several hypotheses to explain this phenomenon, as well as the implications of these effects on the fitness and breeding of honeybees are discussed.


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