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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on January 11, 2006
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esj012
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© The American Genetic Association. 2006. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.
Received November 9, 2004
Accepted November 18, 2005

Article

Regional Genetic Structuring and Evolutionary History of the Impala Aepyceros melampus

Eline D. Lorenzen 1 *, Peter Arctander 1, and Hans R. Siegismund 1

1 From the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Eline D. Lorenzen, E-mail: edlorenzen{at}bi.ku.dk


  Abstract

Samples of 162 impala antelope (Aepyceros melampus) from throughout its distribution range in sub-Saharan Africa were surveyed using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci. Furthermore, 155 previously published mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the same localities were reanalyzed. Two subspecies of impala are presently recognized--the isolated black-faced impala (Aepyceros melampus petersi) in southwest Africa and the common impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus) abundant in southern and east Africa. All tests performed indicated significant genetic differentiation at the subspecific level. Furthermore, individual-based analyses split the common impala subspecies into two distinct genetic groups, conforming with regional geographic affiliation to southern or east Africa. This was supported by assignment tests, genetic distance measures, pairwise {theta} values, and analysis of molecular variance. We suggest that the presence of such previously unknown regional structuring within the subspecies reflects a pattern of colonization from a formerly large panmictic population in southern Africa toward east Africa. This scenario was supported by a progressive decline in population diversity indices toward east Africa and a significant increase in the quantity {theta}/(1 - {theta}). Both microsatellite and mtDNA data indicated a genetic distinctiveness of the Samburu population in Kenya.


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