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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on July 9, 2007
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esm047
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© The American Genetic Association. 2007. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Introgression Mapping of Genes for Winter Hardiness and Frost Tolerance Transferred from Festuca arundinacea into Lolium multiflorum

A Kosmala, Z Zwierzykowski, E Zwierzykowska, M Luczak, M Rapacz, D Gasior, and MW Humphreys

From the Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland (Kosmala, Zwierzykowski, Zwierzykowska, and Luczak); the Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Agricultural University of Cracow, Podluzna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland (Rapacz and Gasior); and the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK (Humphreys)

Address correspondence to A. Kosmala at the address above, or e-mail: akos{at}igr.poznan.pl.

Genes for winter hardiness and frost tolerance were introgressed from Festuca arundinacea into winter-sensitive Lolium multiflorum. Two partly fertile, pentaploid (2n = 5x = 35) F1 hybrids F. arundinacea (2n = 6x = 42) x L. multiflorum (2n = 4x = 28) were generated and backcrossed twice onto L. multiflorum (2x). The backcross 1 (BC1) and backcross 2 (BC2) plants were preselected for high vigor and good fertility, and subsequently, a total of 83 BC2 plants were selected for winter hardiness after 2 Polish winters and by simulated freezing tests. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was performed on 6 winter-hardy plants selected after the first winter and shown to be significantly (P < 0.05) more frost tolerant than the L. multiflorum control. Among the analyzed BC2 winter survivors, only diploid (2n = 2x = 14) plants were found. Five plants carried 13 intact L. multiflorum chromosomes and 1 L. multiflorum chromosome with a single introgressed F. arundinacea terminal chromosome segment. The sixth BC2 winter survivor appeared to be Lolium without any Festuca introgression capable of detection by GISH. A combined GISH and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with rDNA probes of the most winter-hardy (after 2 winters) and frost-tolerant BC2 plant revealed the location of an F. arundinacea introgression on the nonsatellite arm of L. multiflorum chromosome 2, the same chromosome location reported previously as a site for frost tolerance genes in the diploid and winter-hardy species Festuca pratensis.

Corresponding Editor: Reid Palmer

Received October 18, 2006
Accepted March 15, 2007


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