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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on September 14, 2007
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esm074
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© The American Genetic Association. 2007. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Genetic Structure and Mating System of Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev., a Heavily Logged Amazonian Timber Species

Vânia C. R. Azevedo, Milton Kanashiro, Ana Y. Ciampi, and Dario Grattapaglia

From the Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB final W5 Norte, CEP 70770-900, PO Box 02372, Brasília DF, Brazil (Azevedo, Ciampi, and Grattapaglia); Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Molecular, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Sul, Brasília, DF, Brazil (Azevedo); and Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA, Brazil (Kanashiro)

In this work, we report on the population genetic structure of the endangered tree species Manilkara huberi, an Amazonian tree species intensely exploited due to the high density and resistance of its wood. We investigated the patterns of spatial distribution, genetic structure, and mating system using 7 microsatellite loci and here discuss the consequences for conservation and management of the species. To examine the population genetic structure, 481 adult trees and 810 seedlings were sampled from an area of 200 ha from a natural population in FLONA Tapajós, PA, Brazil. We found relatively high and consistent inbreeding levels (intrapopulation fixation index [f] 0.175 and 0.240) and a significant spatial genetic structure up to a radius of approximately 300 m, most likely due to a limited seed and pollen flow. The multilocus (tm) population outcrossing rate was high (0.995), suggesting that the species is predominantly allogamous with a pollen flow restricted to 47 m. These results suggest that M. huberi is spatially structured, consistent with a model of isolation by distance. Fragmentation may therefore cause the loss of subpopulations, suggesting that management programs for production and conservation should include large areas. The genetic data also revealed that for ex situ conservation, seeds should be collected from more than 175 maternal trees, in order to keep an effective population size of 500. Furthermore, as the species is widely distributed across the Amazon Forest, samples should include several populations in order to represent the highest genetic diversity possible. These results provide a blueprint to guide the production and conservation management policies of this valuable timber species.

Corresponding Editor: David Wagner

Received September 8, 2006
Accepted July 9, 2007


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