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Journal of Heredity Advance Access published online on September 15, 2008
Journal of Heredity, doi:10.1093/jhered/esn074
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© The American Genetic Association. 2008. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Original article

Cytochrome b Phylogeography of Chamois (Rupicapra spp.). Population Contractions, Expansions and Hybridizations Governed the Diversification of the Genus

Fernando Rodríguez, Sabine Hammer, Trinidad Pérez, Franz Suchentrunk, Rita Lorenzini, Jacques Michallet, Natalia Martinkova, Jesús Albornoz, and Ana Domínguez

Form the Universidad de Oviedo, Biología Funcional—Genética, Julián Clavería 6, 33071 Oviedo, Spain (Rodríguez, Pérez, Albornoz, and Domínguez); the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria (Hammer); the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Savoyenstrasse 1, A-1160 Vienna, Austria (Franz Suchentrunk); the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Lazio e Toscana., Via Tancia 21, 02100 Rieti, Italy (Lorenzini); the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, 8, impasse Champ Fila, 38320 Eybens, France (Michallet); and the Natalia Martinkova, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Studenec 122, 67502 Konesín, Czech Republic (Martinkova)

Address correspondence to A. Domínguez at the address above, or e-mail: sanjurjo{at}uniovi.es.

The chamois provides an excellent model for exploring the effect of historical and evolutionary events on diversification. We investigate cytochrome b (cytb) sequences in the 10 recognized subspecies of Rupicapra classified within 2 species: Rupicapra pyrenaica, with the subspecies parva, pyrenaica, and ornata, and Rupicapra rupicapra, with cartusiana, rupicapra, tatrica, carpatica, balcanica, asiatica, and caucasica. A fragment of 349 bp of the cytb was sequenced in 189 individuals. We identified 3 cytb lineages: Clade West in Iberia and Western Alps; Clade Central in the Apennines and the Massif of Chartreuse; and Clade East present in populations to the east of the Alps. The 2 proposed species were polyphyletic; the clades West and Central are represented in both, whereas the Clade East is restricted to R. rupicapra. In contrast to the current systematic, cytb phylogenies suggest the classification of the 10 subspecies of chamois into a single species, R. rupicapra. Phylogeny and geographical distribution of the 3 lineages show the effects of limited latitudinal range expansions, contractions, and hybridizations among highly divergent lineages, along with a major role of the glacial ice sheets of the Alps and the Pyrenees as barriers to gene flow, on the diversification of extant taxa.

Key Words: chamois • ice ages • mtDNA • phylogeography • Rupicapra • taxonomy

Corresponding Editor: Jose Lopez

Received March 13, 2008
Accepted August 18, 2008


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